Cephalometric norms for the soft-tissue profile presently utilized in this country, are based almost entirely on North American Caucasian and Negroid studies. Orthodontists use these standards as a guide in the treatment ...

Skeletal age assessment is not only an important aspect in orthodontic treatment planning, but is also widely used in forensic medicine and physi cal anthropology. Vari aus studi es have shown that chronological age may ...