Doctor Scientiae Dentium - DSc(Dent) (Odontology)http://hdl.handle.net/11394/40582024-03-29T12:26:38Z2024-03-29T12:26:38ZForensic Radiographic Identification Using Manipulated Digital Dental ImagesWood, Robert Edgarhttp://hdl.handle.net/11394/90922022-05-13T00:01:06Z1996-01-01T00:00:00ZForensic Radiographic Identification Using Manipulated Digital Dental Images
Wood, Robert Edgar
A technique was developed for the assessment of forensic identification using dental radiographs. The technique involved the digitisation of
dental radiographs, cutting of a horizontal section from an antemortem radiograph and superimposing it over the same geographic location on the postmortem radiograph. The technique was useful in vitro and in an in vitro mock mass disaster. It was accurate within both the paediatric and permanent dentition and not useful in subjects with changing dentitions (mixed dentition). Image density (with and without optical enhancement) did not prove to be an impediment to the technique although extremes of image contrast did. Within the range of dental xray generators settings, contrast could be altered in a manner to allow matching. Differences in the vertical angulation of the x-ray beam did not influence the technique although horizontal angulation was a critical factor. Alterations in focal-film distance did not adversely affect the use of this technique. The three different scanning systems used were .all adequate for the purpose of the technique and the images could be compressed and transferred with little difficulty. Analysis of a group of actual Coroner's cases proved the technique to be useful in a timely fashion, for actual field identifications with minimal inter and intra operator error.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
1996-01-01T00:00:00ZOral submucous fibrosis in Durban, Natal: a study of its epidemiology, aetiology and morphological featuresSeedat, Hoosen Ahmedhttp://hdl.handle.net/11394/90502022-04-20T00:01:42Z1985-01-01T00:00:00ZOral submucous fibrosis in Durban, Natal: a study of its epidemiology, aetiology and morphological features
Seedat, Hoosen Ahmed
There is no satisfactory statistical record of oral submucous fibrosis in the Republic of South Africa or India. The present prevalence study of OSF among Indians in the municipal area of Durban was planned by the Institute for Biostatistics of the South African Medical Research Council. The sampling consisted of a stratified random survey and the total number of subjects examined was 2 058. They were stratified into the age groups: 10-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65+ years, and into sexes. Each age group included 294 people (147 males and 147 females). From the 29 suburbs included in this survey 147 points were sampled. The number of sampling points was calculated proportional to the population size. At each sampling point one individual of each sex in each age group was selected i.e. 14 individuals at each sampling point.
Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
1985-01-01T00:00:00ZHead Injuries: Risk factors and consequencesLalloo, Ratilalhttp://hdl.handle.net/11394/90382023-08-25T00:17:08Z2002-01-01T00:00:00ZHead Injuries: Risk factors and consequences
Lalloo, Ratilal
Injuries, and head injuries in particular, are a common cause of childhood, adolescent and young adulthood morbidity and mortality. The risk
factors for injuries in general have been well researched. But it remains uncertain whether these factors are similar for specific injuries, such as head injuries. The inter-relationships between individual and environmental risk factors are difficult to study. Whilst much is know of
the short-term consequences of head injuries, relatively little information is available on their long-term conseque~ces. The follow-up period in most research is short (often less than 1 year) and studies are weak in terms of design. Studies generally find a variety of social, cognitive and psychological consequences in children and young adults experiencing head injuries. This study assessed in two large, nationally representative samples, a 1946 birth cohort and a 1997 cross-sectional health survey: 1) the occurrence and risk factors for childhood, adolescent and early adulthood head and other injuries, and 2) the long-term cognitive and psychiatric effects of skull injuries. The overall findings for the risk factors across the two data sets and over 5 decades of data collection were strikingly similar. Maleness was a major
risk factor for the head and other injuries. Some of the behaviour and personality factors such as hyperactivity and being neurotic, even after
adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status and family type, remained significantly related to injuries, particularly those affecting the head
region. A clustering of demographic, socioeconomic, family and behavioural risk factors significantly increased the likelihood of injuries,
particularly recurring injuries with at least one being a head injury. In the unadjusted analyses socioeconomic status and family type were less
consistently related to injuries. The long-term psychiatric and cognitive consequences of skull injuries causing concussion and skull fractures in childhood and early adulthood were negligible. Other childhood factors such as educational ability, behaviour and personality, and level of education achieved were more predictive of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive problems in adulthood. This study suggests that children and adolescents with behavioural and personality problems were at greater risk of head and other injuries in childhood, adolescence and later in adulthood. Children and adolescents with behavioural and personality problems were more likely to live in manual social class families and families with a single parent or stepparent. This combination of behavioural problems and deprived socioeconomic and family circumstances may increase tendencies for violent behaviour, alcohol dependence and manual occupations later in adulthood, which all increase the risk of injuries. There is therefore a need to identify children and adolescents with behavioural and personality problems as early as possible to prevent the impact in the short- and longterm. This will not only reduce the burden of injuries but also the many other consequence of behavioural and personality problems, particularly when located within deprived socioeconomic and family circumstances.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
2002-01-01T00:00:00Z‘Recommendations for the development of a framework for radiological imaging studies during implant therapy in SA’Beshtawi, Khaled Raedhttp://hdl.handle.net/11394/77442021-02-02T00:00:39Z2021-01-01T00:00:00Z‘Recommendations for the development of a framework for radiological imaging studies during implant therapy in SA’
Beshtawi, Khaled Raed
Radiographic examination is an essential facet of dental implant therapy, and the success of this therapy depends on a suitable treatment based on adequate clinical and radiographic information. International organisational bodies have published guidelines on the use of radiographic imaging during implant therapy, but since the cone beam computed tomography modality became available, a need for the development of comprehensive imaging guidelines to limit the misuse of this modality became necessary. There is a lack of stringency regarding the recommendations and guidelines on radiographic imaging modalities used during implant therapy. This is due to variations in practice, experience, and socioeconomic factors. The most recent published global guidelines and recommendations and their relevance to dental implant therapy are described in this chapter.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
2021-01-01T00:00:00Z