Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Public Administration)
http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4217
2024-03-28T22:41:25ZEthnicity, governance and socio-economic development in Africa: A case study of Kenya and its Luo community, 1963 - 2013
http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6038
Ethnicity, governance and socio-economic development in Africa: A case study of Kenya and its Luo community, 1963 - 2013
Omulo, Albert Gordon Otieno
"Ethnicity" and disparate group-based socio-economic development make governance in Africa
problematic. Despite this existential reality, the "ethnic" question in African governance remains,
largely, only the subject of general discourse. There appears to be very little rigorous scholarship
on the economic and socio-cultural dimensions related to the socio-historical construct,
"ethnicity". Similarly, attempts to explain why African political culture, in general, continues to
encourage the social reproduction of "ethnic" identities also appear to be largely lacking. This
thesis aims to fill some of the gaps existent in scholarship of ethnicity vis-a-vis socio-economiccultural
development by examining the antagonism between the Luo community and the Kenyan
state. Its main objectives are to examine the specifics of the socio-economic consequences of the
political marginalization of the Luo and to explain why "ethnicity" is, seemingly, strongly
correlated with the crisis of state power in Kenya. This thesis is grounded on the following two
major assertions: first, that "ethnicity", like its correlative, "race", is an ideological concept,
devoid of any scientific substance; second, that "ethnicity" is an "exogenous construct", imposed
on aboriginal people of Africa mostly by European colonizers.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Public Administration)
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAn appraisal of the nexus between citizen participation and democratic development policies : a case study of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) programme in Bushenyi District Uganda
http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5361
An appraisal of the nexus between citizen participation and democratic development policies : a case study of the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) programme in Bushenyi District Uganda
Kateshumbwa, Mwesigye Edgar
While the term participation is widely used by development agencies and
government alike, its meaning is still widely contested. An emerging consensus on
citizens' participation is the active involvement of the people in the planning process, the communication of their preferences, demands, interests, needs, and collective problems and aspirations in relation to those in charge of democratic development policies. For many, particularly in the rural areas, citizen participation has proved problematic as it is often tied up to the implementation of development projects conceptualized and spearheaded by outsiders. Participatory approaches provide few insights as to how to go about resolving the contradictions and paradoxes that participation unveils when introduced into systems with long histories of top-down approaches to decision-making. In Uganda, the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government introduced a participatory development programme of National Agriculture Advisory Services (NAADS) which entails contracting Agricultural Extension Services (AES). This was done to boost participation, expand coverage andimprove agricultural performance in rural areas. The objective of this dissertation was to analyse elites and grassroots understandings of democracy and citizen participation using the case study of NAADS programme. To achieve this objective, a variety of research assessment criteria – qualitative and quantitative interviews with elites and grassroots – were employed. The results demonstrate that Uganda has made strides towards encouraging inclusive and meaningful participation through NAADS in Bushenyi district. Yet the research also illustrates that there are salient mismatches in terms of perceptions that exist between elites and grassroots conceptualisations of citizen participation in NAADS. The majority of elites interviewed were concerned with getting NAADS programme right as required by the legislative frameworks, rather than creating ties with grassroots with a view to promoting participatory development and empowering grassroots communities. The grassroots communities exhibited willingness to participate in the NAADS programme, although the research findings illustrate that it has been implemented in a top-down fashion. There is also proof to show that NAADS participants were barely consulted in making decisions and no effective mechanisms are in place to handle complaints inclusively. Although there is evidence to show participation in the NAADS programme improves the socioeconomic reality of farmers elsewhere in Uganda, this has not been consistently the case in Bushenyi. The dissertation concludes by underlining the benefits of democracy and citizen participation, but cautions that the findings show that the discourse on democracy and citizen participation, like any other discourse, contains many practical limits.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
2011-01-01T00:00:00ZAn Examination of the Impact of Administrative Decentralisation on Participatory Local Government and Service Delivery in Tanzania
http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4878
An Examination of the Impact of Administrative Decentralisation on Participatory Local Government and Service Delivery in Tanzania
Mhina, Charles Ernest
Over the course of the past three decades bi-lateral and multi-lateral donor agencies, academics and practitioners have expressed the conviction that decentralisation of administrative and political authority to the local level is of central importance to public sector reform programmes in developing states both as a means to improve service delivery and to deepen democracy. However, many states in Africa have had disappointing experiences with decentralisation which have variously been attributed to the underfunding of local governments, a lack of administrative capacity and corruption. In the light of this, a number of scholars have argued that decentralisation in Africa has achieved little in the delivery of basic services and in the deepening democracy at the local level. This has raised concerns that decentralisation, whilst necessary, is not a sufficient condition for ensuring local socio-economic development and participatory governance. This thesis sets out to examine the process of administrative and political decentralisation in Tanzania since it attained independence in 1961, paying particular attention to the current local government reform programme which consists of a parallel system of devolved and de-concentrated government authority implemented through the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF). This hybrid model of decentralisation, which is heavily reliant on donor aid, has been in place for over a decade and a half. The thesis considers the extent to which the combination of decentralised and de-concentrated forms of administration represents an accommodation between the neo-liberal agenda of donors (concerned with the diminution of central state power) and the policy interests of the Tanzanian government (concerned about a lack of local capacity and domestic politics). Based on a case study of three municipalities (Tanga city, and the Lindi and Morogoro district councils) the thesis examines the extent to which the hybrid model is meeting its stated objectives of strengthening local government, improving service delivery, and promoting effective citizen participation. In so doing it examines the particular role of TASAF and the extent to which its activities are supporting the development of effective local government. Empirical evidence, which was generated through a mixed methods approach based on both quantitative and qualitative research, suggests that, notwithstanding the concerns of
some local politicians that the model has undermined the authority of local councils, the v combination of local administrative coordination and the technical and financial support of TASAF, has led to significant improvements in the delivery of social services since the reform programme was launched. The thesis also found that the majority of respondents believed that the hybrid model had served to deepen local democracy to a far greater extent than decentralisation reforms of the past. It also concluded that, in spite its evident potential, the future of the hybrid model in Tanzania is highly uncertain, given that it remains heavily reliant on donor funding and is subject to the aid conditionalities imposed upon it. Unless the government is able to increase its own funding of TASAF, the hybrid model is likely to collapse due to the changed funding priorities of bi-lateral and multilateral donor agencies.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZA critical evaluation of institutional architecture for effective policy implementation, oversight and accountability in the energy sector of South Africa: a petroleum perspective.
http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4675
A critical evaluation of institutional architecture for effective policy implementation, oversight and accountability in the energy sector of South Africa: a petroleum perspective.
Makiva, Msuthukazi
Coordination, Collaboration, and Cooperation, (C04); Community (C01) Driven Development (D2) minus Historical Institutionalisation (HI) is equal to Policy Implementation Effectiveness (PIE), is recommended by the researcher to improve results. Trends in compiled data were analysed with regards to legislative oversight and accountability in the petroleum industry, using the OECD/ DAC evaluation criteria. In terms of relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency, the researcher discovered a partial link between the activities performed by parliamentarians representing the petroleum industry where HDSA transformation is concerned. It was concluded that electrical energy generation and distribution throughout the five-year period drew more focus in terms of oversight than on other sectors. It was further noted that oversight and accountability could have been applied more efficiently if input were linked to policy objectives and activities. This resulted in only partial or limited HDSA transformation in the petroleum industry. When it comes to sustainability the researcher argued that despite the apparent long-term stability of parliamentary activities, such stability may not translate to sufficient oversight and accountability to ensure sustainable transformation in the petroleum industry. It was concluded that while oversight and accountability was being applied to one specific arena, other areas in need of transformation did not receive sufficient, or indeed any, legislative oversight. The facilitation model: Communication, Coordination, Collaboration, and Cooperation, (C04); and Community (C01) Driven Oversight and Accountability (D1OA) is recommended by the researcher to improve effective oversight and accountability. Thus, Effective (A + O) = C04 + C01 /D1OA equals to (A + O)e = C205 / D1OA.
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
2015-01-01T00:00:00Z