Ocean governance in South Africa: Policy and implementation
Abstract
Ocean Governance in South Africa has gained momentum over the last decade with
the publication of the Green and White Papers on the National Environmental
Management of the Ocean in 2012 and 2014, and the promulgation of the Marine
Spatial Planning Act in 2019. Parallel to this South Africa developed and
implemented the Operation Phakisa Ocean Economy Development Programme and
declared a network of twenty Marine Protected Areas. The timing of this study over
the last five years allowed the opportunity to undertake a detailed study of the
Ocean Governance Policy Development and Implementation as the formulation of
the policy and its early implementation unfolded. The Study is primarily based on
interpretation of the Green and White Papers as the primary and directed ocean
governance policies produced by the Government of South African and the
National Department of Environmental Affairs. It places these most recent specific
ocean environmental policies in the context of the many other environmental
policies that exits in the country.
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