The prevalence of oral symptoms and perceived needs of HIV positive persons in Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

The Human Immunodeficient Virus (HIV) is escalating in South Africa at an alarming rate. The impact of HIV today and in the future could have grave consequences for the South African population as it affects adults in their most productive years. To ease costs on the health system, health workers should be familiar with HIV patients needs in general, and specifically in areas such as oral disease which can contribute to the wellness or ill health of the patient. This could facilitate more appropriate and cost effective care ofHIV patients. World-wide reports indicate that the HIV virus is more prevalent in females than males. Women are also experiencing greater virulence of HIV and therefore greater severity of the disease. This research assessed whether there were differences in the prevalence and severity of oral symptoms ofHIV positive men and women. Oral health practices were also examined. As oral disease is very prevalent in HIV positive persons and has been a neglected area for research and program development, it was included in this study. This study also aimed to assess the perceived needs of patients affected by HIV. Such a study presents HIV positive patients an opportunity to participate in a process which allows patients to voice their needs and problems, as well as be involved in setting priorities. The study sought to assess whether needs differed according to the patients gender, age and symptom levels. A needs questionnaire with five domains which included medical and oral needs, social, economic, psychological and informational domains of needs was developed. The measure also included a section on demographics and oral health questions, and was administered as a structured interview. The sample consisted of 338 HIV positive males and females residing in Cape Town and its environs and attending the Out Patients' Departments of three major provincial hospitals, as well as two community clinics during May to November of 1995.