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dc.contributor.advisorWitz, Leslie
dc.contributor.authorBenneyworth, Garth Conan
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-10T13:09:33Z
dc.date.available2017-07-10T13:09:33Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11394/5466
dc.descriptionPhilosophiae Doctor - PhDen_US
dc.description.abstractDuring the South African War of 1899-1902 captured civilians were directed by the British army into military controlled zones and into refugee camps which became known as concentration camps. Established near towns, mines and railway sidings these camps were separated along racial lines. The British forced black men, women and children through the violence of war into agricultural and military labour as a war resource, interning over 110,000 black civilians in concentration camps. Unlike Boer civilians who were not compelled to labour, the British forced black civilians into military labour through a policy of no work no food. According to recent scholarly work based only on the written archive, at least 20,000 black civilians died in these camps. This project uses these written archives together with archaeological surveys, excavations, and oral histories to uncover a history of seven such forced labour camps. This approach demonstrates that in constructing an understanding and a history of what happened in the forced labour camps, the written archive alone is limited. Through the work of archaeology which uncovers material evidence on the terrain and the remains of graves one can begin to envisage the scale an extent of the violence that characterized the experience of forced laborers in the 'black concentration camps' in the South African War.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUniversity of the Western Capeen_US
dc.subjectConcentration campsen_US
dc.subjectNative Refugee Campsen_US
dc.subjectForced laboren_US
dc.subjectSouth African War, 1899-1902en_US
dc.subjectBrandfort Native Refugee Campen_US
dc.subjectBritish Armyen_US
dc.subjectBlacksen_US
dc.subjectBoersen_US
dc.subjectHistoryen_US
dc.titleTraces of forced labour – a history of black civilians in British concentration camps during the South African War, 1899-1902en_US
dc.rights.holderUniversity of the Western Capeen_US


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