Translation of the Emotional Social Screening tool for School Readiness (E3SR) for preschoolers into Afrikaans: An equivalence and validation study

Abstract

The Emotional Social Screening Tool for School Readiness (E3SR) was developed as a contextually sensitive and psychometrically sound measure to screen children’s emotional and social competencies. To broaden its use within the South African context, this study aimed to translate the E3SR into Afrikaans and establish its validity and equivalence. The International Test Commission (ITC) encourages translation to follow a rigorous and empirical process. This study adopted a multiphase methodology, with three phases. Each phase had its own methodological elements.